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A submarine emits a sonar pulse, which returns from an underwater cliff in 1.02 s. If the speed of sound in salt water is 1531 m/s, how far away is the cliff?
Time taken by the sonar pulse to return, t = 1.02 s
Speed of sound in salt water, v = 1531 m s−1
Total distance covered by the sonar pulse = Speed of sound × Time taken
Total distance covered by the sonar pulse 
.....(i)
Let d be the distance of the cliff from the submarine.
Total distance covered by the sonar pulse = 2d
⇒2d=1561.62 [From (i)]
⇒d=780.81 m
A submarine emits a sonar pulse, which returns from an underwater cliff in 1.02 s. If the speed of sound in salt water is 1531 m/s, how far away is the cliff?
Time taken by the sonar pulse to return, t = 1.02 s Speed of sound in salt water, v = 1531 m s? 1 Distance of the cliff from the submarine = Speed of sound × Time taken
Distance of the cliff from the submarine=1.02 x 1531 =1561.62m
Distance travelled by the sonar pulse during its transmission and reception in water = 2 × Actual distance = 2d
Actual distance, d = (Distance of the cliff from the submarine)/2 = 1561.62/2 = 780.31 m
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