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A man got a 10% increase in his salary. If his new salary is Rs 1,54,000, find his original salary.
Let the original salary be x. It is given that the new salary is Rs 1,54,000.
Original salary + Increment = New salary
However, it is given that the increment is 10% of the original salary.
Therefore,
Thus, the original salary was Rs 1,40,000.
On Sunday 845 people went to the Zoo. On Monday only 169 people went. What is the per cent decrease in the people visiting the zoo on Monday?
It is given that on Sunday, 845 people went to the zoo and on Monday, 169 people went.
Decrease in the number of people = 845 − 169 = 676
Percentage decrease = 
A shopkeeper buys 80 articles for Rs 2,400 and sells them for a profit of 16%. Find the selling price of one article.
It is given that the shopkeeper buys 80 articles for Rs 2,400.
Cost of one article = 
Profit percent = 16
Selling price of one article = C.P. + Profit = Rs (30 + 4.80) = Rs 34.80
The cost of an article was Rs 15,500. Rs 450 were spent on its repairs. If it is sold for a profit of 15%, find the selling price of the article.
Total cost of an article = Cost + Overhead expenses
= Rs 15500 + Rs 450
= Rs 15950
∴Selling price of the article = C.P. + Profit = Rs (15950 + 2392.50)
= Rs 18342.50
A VCR and TV were bought for Rs 8,000 each. The shopkeeper made a loss of 4% on the VCR and a profit of 8% on the TV. Find the gain or loss percent on the whole transaction.
C.P. of a VCR = Rs 8000
The shopkeeper made a loss of 4 % on VCR.
This means if C.P. is Rs 100, then S.P. is Rs 96.
When C.P. is Rs 8000, S.P. = 
= Rs 7680
C.P. of a TV = Rs 8000
The shopkeeper made a profit of 8 % on TV.
This means that if C.P. is Rs 100, then S.P. is Rs 108.
When C.P. is Rs 8000, S.P. = 
= Rs 8640
Total S.P. = Rs 7680 + Rs 8640 = Rs 16320
Total C.P. = Rs 8000 + Rs 8000 = Rs 16000
Since total S.P.> total C.P., there was a profit.
Profit = Rs 16320 − Rs 16000 = Rs 320
Therefore, the shopkeeper had a gain of 2% on the whole transaction.
During a sale, a shop offered a discount of 10% on the marked prices of all the items. What would a customer have to pay for a pair of jeans marked at Rs 1450 and two shirts marked at Rs 850 each?
Total marked price = Rs (1,450 + 2 × 850) = Rs (1,450 +1,700) = Rs 3,150
Given that, discount % = 10%
Discount = 
Also, Discount = Marked price − Sale price
Rs 315 = Rs 3150 − Sale price
∴ Sale price = Rs (3150 − 315) = Rs 2835
Thus, the customer will have to pay Rs 2,835.
A milkman sold two of his buffaloes for Rs 20,000 each. On one he made a gain of 5% and on the other a loss of 10%. Find his overall gain or loss.
(Hint: Find CP of each)
S.P. of each buffalo = Rs 20000
The milkman made a gain of 5% while selling one buffalo.
This means if C.P. is Rs 100, then S.P. is Rs 105.
C.P. of one buffalo = 
= Rs 19,047.62
Also, the second buffalo was sold at a loss of 10%.
This means if C.P. is Rs 100, then S.P. is Rs 90.
∴C.P. of other buffalo = 
= Rs 22222.22
Total C.P. = Rs 19047.62 + Rs 22222.22 = Rs 41269.84
Total S.P. = Rs 20000 + Rs 20000 = Rs 40000
Loss = Rs 41269.84 − Rs 40000 = Rs 1269.84
Thus, the overall loss of milkman was Rs 1,269.84.
The price of a TV is Rs 13,000. The sales tax charged on it is at the rate of 12%. Find the amount that Vinod will have to pay if he buys it,
On Rs 100, the tax to be paid = Rs 12
On Rs 13000, the tax to be paid will be 
= Rs 1560
Required amount = Cost + Sales Tax = Rs 13000 + Rs 1560
= Rs 14560
Thus, Vinod will have to pay Rs 14,560 for the T.V.
Arun bought a pair of skates at a sale where the discount given was 20%. If the amount he pays is Rs 1,600, find the marked price.
Let the marked price be x.
Also,
Discount = Marked price − Sale price
Thus, the marked price was Rs 2000.
I purchased a hair-dryer for Rs 5,400 including 8% VAT. Find the price before VAT was added.
The price includes VAT.
Thus, 8% VAT means that if the price without VAT is Rs 100, then price including VAT will be Rs 108.
When price including VAT is Rs 108, original price = Rs 100
Thus, the price of the hair-dryer before the addition of VAT was Rs 5,000.
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