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Bombay plan is proposed by some leading industrialist such as 1.Mr.J.R.D Tata
 2.J.D Birla
3.P.Thakurdas
 4.sir Shree Ram
5.John Mathai and some
So correct option is C

In the early phase, India's development policy mainly focuses on
a) planning c) Farming
 So option B) &D)  are not ideas in the early phase

The idea of planning derived all the above options so correct answer is option D

(a)-(iii); (b)-(i); (c)-(ii); (d)-(iv)

(a) Charan Singh- He forcefully articulated the case for keeping agriculture at the centre of planning for India.

(b) P C Mahalanobis - The Second FYP(Five Year Plan) stressed on heavy industries. It was drafted by a team of economists and planners under the leadership of P. C. Mahalanobis

(c) Bihar Famine- When Bihar was hit by Famine the government had “zoning” policies that prohibited trade of food across states; this reduced the availability of food in Bihar dramatically.

(d) Verghese Kurien- nicknamed the ‘milkman of India’, played a crucial role in the story of

Gujarat Cooperative Milk and Marketing Federation Ltd that launched Amul.

After Independence there were plenty of works for the government to do priority being economy. During the time development was being industrialized like the west, but there was need of both economic development and social justice.

The idea of development varied broadly:

1. The common perception of Development was becoming modernized which involved breakdown of traditional social structure

2. After independence India had two models of development one was Europe’s and US’s liberal-Capital model and other USSR’s socialist model.

3. Many including Communist Party of India and leaders like Nehru were impressed by Soviet model and very few favored American model.

Yes the debate was resolved and India came up with five year plan (FYP) as in USSR. In this the government prepares a document for five year where all its income and expenditure for next five years is prepared.

The First Five year plan was commenced in 1951 to be drafted by young Economist K.N.Roy with the emphasis on poverty allevation. Its main thrusts are as follows:

1) To Invest in dams and irrigation to improve agricultural sector with the urgent attention.

2) Huge Allocations were made for large scale projects like Bhakra-Nangal Dam.

3) It focused on Land Reforms for the development in rural areas

4) It aimed to increase level of National Income.

The First Five year Plan differed from the second five year plan :

A) The 2nd five year plan stressed heavy on industrialization

b) Second five year plan wanted to bring quick structural transformation in all possible directions in place of slow and steady growth like First Five Year Plan.

Green revolution was introduced to bring revolution in weak agriculture of India, especially in food grains like wheat and rice through High yielding varieties of seed.

1. the government offered high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation at highly subsidised prices.

2. The government also gave a guarantee to buy the produce of the farmers at a given price.

Positive consequences:

1. in many parts, the stark contrast between the poor peasantry and the landlords produced conditions favourable for left wing organization to organize poor peasants.

2. green revolution also resulted in the rise of what is called the middle peasant sections. These were farmers with medium size holdings, who benefited from the changes and soon emerged politically influential in many parts of the country.

Negative Consequences:

1. Some regions like Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh became agriculturally prosperous, while others remained backward.

2. The revolution delivered only a moderate agricultural growth, brought distinction in region and classes. This brought a sharp contrast between farmers and landlords .

At the time of 2^nd FYP many controversies arose like:

1. 2^nd FYP was more concentrated on industries than agriculture or rural India

2. Private public conflicts. After Independence India formed its own development model called mixed economy, where both Private and Public sector played a major role. But there were heated arguments that private sector were given not enough space and the stimulus to grow.

3. Whereas there were some who criticized planners for not providing enough means to public like the public investment including education and health were provided in those regions where private sector was not prepared to go.

4. Besides there were arguments like if government invested more in rural India then the massive agricultural problems would have sorted.

No, the above state is not perfectly true because state intervention was mandatory to regulate country’s economy. India neither followed capitalist model nor socialist model. Instead India adopted Mixed economy where both private and public sector played key role in economy.

1. If the private sector were given free play in the economy then it would have led to monopoly in the market.

2. As the private focused primarily on industries, free play of private sector in the market would have kept agriculture and the farmers at bay.

3. With free play of private only the urban regions would have developed while the rural regions would have been struggling for basic ameneties.

4. The mixed economy model is the right intervention as it helps in keeping check to both public and private sectors.