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Solution 1:

A) State assemblies

B) Communist Parties of India

c) Economy Free from state Control.

Solution 2:

(a) S.A Dange – iv) Communist Party of the India

• S.A Dange was among the notable leader of the CPI.

(b) Shyama Prasad Mukherjee – i) Bharatiya Jana Sangh

• Shyama Prasad Mukherjee formed the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1951; he was the founder-president of the party.

(c) Minoo Masani – ii) Swatantra Party

• Minoo Masani was an old congressman who led the Swatantra Party along with other leaders. The party stood out from others in its stand on economic issue.

(d) Asoka Mehta – iii) Praja Socialist Party

• Ashoka Mehta was a founder member of the Socialist Party. He was the president for the Praja Socialist Party during 1959-1963.

Solution 3:

(a) True

Explanation- There were many well organized other parties, but Congress got the ‘first off the blocks’ advantage. It had an organizational network from top to local, from left to right. It had an inclusive nature, all these factors contribute for its domination.

(b) False

Explanation- One party dominance has many reasons to occur expect the weal public opinion because, a party can only be dominating when it incorporates the plight, opinion and needs of the people. People choose the party as their representatives which later establish its dominance.

(c) True

Explanation- The colonial past is important to remind the dominance of the party that played an important role in revolt and liberations for the nation. For example: Indian congress was seen as inheritor of the national movement in India.

(d) False

Explanation- Prevalence of one Party dominance does not reflect the ideals in a country as in the case of Indian congress democratic ideals remained intact and it evolved. Here many parties contested elections yet the congress managed to win the elections.

Here many parties’ contested elections yet the congress managed to win the election

Solution 4:

Bharatiya Jana Sangh: The Policies of Bharatiya jana sangh were based on the principles as follows: a) It Replaced secular concept by the ideology of one country, One Culture and One Nation. b) No Cultural and educational rights as this party opposed the granting of concessions c) It Focused on the reunity of India and Pakistan under the concept of akhand Bharat.

Solution 5:

The congress began as a party dominated by the English speaking upper class people and urban elite. Its social base widened after the civil disobedience movement. It brought various diverse groups together like the presents, dwellers, workers, and middle class. Gradually its leadership expanded beyond upper class with rural people. All these incorporated different ideologies that were brought together.

Ideologically, the Congress took root and came to political power not as a party but as a movement for independence and reform. All types of people with diverse Interests became the members of the Congress party like the conservative, pacifist, radical, extremist and moderates and the rights and the left with all other shades of the centre.

Congress became a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in the national movement.

Ideological currents present within the Congress:

In pre-independence days, many organisations and parties with their own constitutions and organisational structures were allowed to exist within the Congress.

Some of these like “Congress Socialist Party “later separated from the Congress and became on opposition party.

Solution 6:

No, the prevalence of one, party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:

a. The key role of congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others. The congress was already a very well organized party and by the time other parties could think of a strategy the congress had already begun with its campaign.

b. The congress accommodated diversified interest, religion, belief and aspirations to strengthen democracy. It developed itself into a ‘rainbow’ and an ‘umbrella’ organization.

c. Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, congress won elections in the same manner again and again due to several factors.

d. Congress party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological consideration that never taught together or went out of congress. It had tolerance and management within the party.

e. Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it t can be concluded that congress strengthened its ideals of democracy and held the unity and integrity of the country.

Solution 7:

Difference between socialist parties and communist party:

a. The socialist believed in the ideology of democratic socialism whereas the communist party worked mainly within the fold of the congress party.

b. The socialist believed in peaceful constitutional methods, while communist party believed in peaceful as well as violent methods.

c. The Socialist criticized the congress for favouring capitalist and landlord and ignoring the working class and farmers whereas the communist party believed in the welfare of the workers and the peasants.

Difference between Bhartiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party:

a. Bhartiya Jana Sangh believed in the ideology of the ‘one party, one nation, one culture and one national ideal’: on the other hand, the Swatantra party believed in the equality of opportunity for all people without any distinction of religion, caste, class, race, etc.

b. Bhartiya Jana Sang stands for the nationalism of basic and defence industries but it does not favour the policies of taking more and more industries under state ownership and control because it believes that this tendencies is harmful both for democracy and economic development. Swatantra Party stands for the principle of maximum freedom for the individual and minimum interference by the state

c. Jana Sangh favours to follow the policy of Non-Alignment with the two power blocs as also of Non-involvement in the international affairs not directly affecting India. Swatantra Party was critical of the policy of Non-Alignment and advocated close ties with the USA.

Solution 8:

Difference between socialist parties and communist party:

a. The socialist believed in the ideology of democratic socialism whereas the communist party worked mainly within the fold of the congress party.

b. The socialist believed in peaceful constitutional methods, while communist party believed in peaceful as well as violent methods.

c. The Socialist criticized the congress for favouring capitalist and landlord and ignoring the working class and farmers whereas the communist party believed in the welfare of the workers and the peasants.

Difference between Bhartiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party:

a. Bhartiya Jana Sangh believed in the ideology of the ‘one party, one nation, one culture and one national ideal’: on the other hand, the Swatantra party believed in the equality of opportunity for all people without any distinction of religion, caste, class, race, etc.

b. Bhartiya Jana Sang stands for the nationalism of basic and defence industries but it does not favour the policies of taking more and more industries under state ownership and control because it believes that this tendencies is harmful both for democracy and economic development. Swatantra Party stands for the principle of maximum freedom for the individual and minimum interference by the state.

c. Jana Sangh favours to follow the policy of Non-Alignment with the two power blocs as also of Non-involvement in the international affairs not directly affecting India. Swatantra Party was critical of the policy of Non-Alignment and advocated close ties with the USA.

Solution 9:

Map is attached and marked:-

(a) 1. Kerala

2. Jammu & Kashmir

(b) 1. Uttar Pradesh

2. Rajasthan