Chapter 9 - Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

This chapter is a study of the strategy taken up by people all around the world for the enhancement in the production of food in the industry. It has become a necessity to enhance the production of food as the population of the world is increasing day by day. With the help of this book which is available at UrbanPro, you will understand why it is essential to do this and the various methods that are taken up.

Let us take a look at the topics and subtopics of NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production.

9.1 Animal Husbandry

9.1.1. Management of Farms and Farm Animals

9.1.1.1. Dairy Farm Management.

9.1.1.2. Poultry Farm Management

9.1.2. Animal Breeding

9.1.3. Beekeeping

9.1.4. Fisheries

9.2 Plant Breeding

9.2.1. What is Plant Breeding?

9.2.2. Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance

9.2.3.  Plant Breeding for Developing Resistance to Insect Pests

9.2.4 Plants Breeding for Improved Food Quality

9.3 Single Cell Proteins

9.4 Tissue Culture

The subtopics of Chapter 9 of Class 12 of Biology are as follows:

Section 9.1: The practice of breeding and raising livestock in agriculture is known as Animal Husbandry. It is an essential and important skill to learn for most farmers. Animal husbandry deals with taking care and breeding of buffaloes, cows, horses, pigs, poultry, fisheries, sheep, goats, camels etc.

In this section, you will learn about the management of the milk that is milked from animals for the consumption of humans. You will also come across other topics in this section such as Poultry is the class of domesticated birds, and the eggs that they produced are used for consumption by human beings. Poultry includes chicken, duck, turkey, and geese. Organising the entire process of getting this work done falls under Management of a Poultry Farm. Animal breeding has been studied in this section as well. The breeding of animals is a crucial aspect of animal husbandry. The two types of breeding are also discussed thoroughly in this section. They are inbreeding – which is the breeding between animals of the same breed and Outbreeding- which is a cross between different breeds.

Bee-keeping is also known as apiculture. It is the maintenance of the hives of honeybees for the production of honey. It is an industry which is devoted to catching, processing and selling of fish, shellfish and other aquatic creatures.

Section 9.2: Plant breeding is the manipulation of the species of plants to create the desired plant type which is good for cultivation, gives better yield and is resistant against diseases. Plant Breeding for improved Disease Resistance and the methods of such breeding are also explained here. in this section, you will learn about methods of breeding for disease resistance plants by the process of mutation. Here you will also study breeding plants that are resistant to insects pests. Insect resistance in crops may be due to biochemical or physiological characteristics. Breeding for plants for imp[roved quality can be achieved by Biofortification. Biofortification is the breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats.

Section 9.3: Single Cell Protein (SCP) is one of the alternate sources of protein for the nutrition of animals and humans. For more information, you may refer to Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 NCERT here at UrbanPro.

Section 9.4: Tissue culture was developed because the techniques and methods of traditional breeding kept failing as it could not keep up with the demands for crops, or provide fast and efficient systems for crop improvement.

For a better understanding of this chapter, you can download Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 NCERT Pdf at UrbanPro.