NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, Chapter 4 - Reproductive Health

The NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 is about Reproductive Health. To help students understand this chapter in an easy manner, we have come up with solutions. These offer an in-depth study of this chapter which will help our students prepare for their board examinations. The concepts of this chapter have been explained thoroughly. Up until chapter 3, you have learned about reproduction in organisms and flowering plants and the function of the human reproductive system.

Reproductive health refers to the wellness of human beings in all aspects of reproduction, that is, physical, emotional, behavioural and social.

Let us take a look at the topics that you will study about in this chapter- 

4.1. Reproductive Health- Problems and Strategies

4.2. Population Stabilisation and Birth Control

4.3. Medical Termination of Pregnancy

4.4. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

4.5. Infertility

In NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4, Reproductive Health, you will learn: 

Section 4.1: In this section, you will study about the problems that arise regarding the health of reproductive systems in both male and female genitalia and the strategies that one can take up to avoid them. In this section, it has also been discussed how India was one of the first countries in the world to take action and plan on how to attain reproductive health as their goal in society.

Section 4.2: Here, you learn how there was a rapid decline in death rate, the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in India over the past few decades. This measure has been taken up by the government of India to keep the population of its country stable and in check have also been discussed in chapter 4 of Biology.

The steps which individuals can take up in order to control the rate of birth are natural methods, contraceptives, periodic abstinence, coitus or withdrawal Interruptus. Some of the barriers that can be used are condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, IUDs.

Section 4.3: In this section, you will study how pregnancy can be terminated by medical termination. Medical termination is voluntary or intentional termination of pregnancy or the fetus before it fully develops. Medical termination is also known as induced abortion. The legalisation and the statistics of Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) have been explained thoroughly in this section.

Section 4.4: In this section, the Sexually Transmitted Diseases are diseases or infections which are transmitted via Sexual Intercourse, are talked about. STD is also commonly known as Venereal Disease (VD) and Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI). The common forms of STDs are gonorrhoea, AIDS, syphilis, genital herpes, genital warts, hepatitis-B, etc. The other methods by which a person can get infected are also mentioned in this section. The principles by which a person gets infected by STI have also been mentioned here.

Section 4.5: In this chapter, the subject of infertility and how a method called In-Vitro Fertilisation could overcome this has been discussed and explained.

For answers to all questions given in the exercises of this chapter, refer to Biology Class 12 Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions. To know more, you can go through NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 4. You can also download the Class 12 Reproductive Health NCERT Solutions PDF for better understanding of the topics.