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Learn Miscellaneous Exercise 15 with Free Lessons & Tips

The mean and variance of eight observations are 9 and 9.25, respectively. If six of the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12 and 13, find the remaining two observations.

Let the remaining two observations be x and y.

Therefore, the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12, 13, x, y.

From (1), we obtain

x2 + y2 + 2xy = 144 …(3)

From (2) and (3), we obtain

2xy = 64 … (4)

Subtracting (4) from (2), we obtain

x2 + y2 – 2xy = 80 – 64 = 16

xy = ± 4 … (5)

Therefore, from (1) and (5), we obtain

x = 8 and y = 4, when xy = 4

x = 4 and y = 8, when xy = –4

Thus, the remaining observations are 4 and 8.

Comments

The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If five of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12 and 14. Find the remaining two observations.

Let the remaining two observations be x and y.

The observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, x, y.

From (1), we obtain

x2 + y2 + 2xy = 196 … (3)

From (2) and (3), we obtain

2xy = 196 – 100

⇒ 2xy = 96 … (4)

Subtracting (4) from (2), we obtain

x2 + y2 – 2xy = 100 – 96

⇒ (xy)2 = 4

xy = ± 2 … (5)

Therefore, from (1) and (5), we obtain

x = 8 and y = 6 when xy = 2

x = 6 and y = 8 when xy = – 2

Thus, the remaining observations are 6 and 8.

Comments

The mean and standard deviation of six observations are 8 and 4, respectively. If each observation is multiplied by 3, find the new mean and new standard deviation of the resulting observations.

Let the observations be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, and x6.

It is given that mean is 8 and standard deviation is 4.

If each observation is multiplied by 3 and the resulting observations are yi, then

From (1) and (2), it can be observed that,

Substituting the values of xi and in (2), we obtain

Therefore, variance of new observations =

Hence, the standard deviation of new observations is

Comments

Given that is the mean and σ2 is the variance of n observations x1, x2xn. Prove that the mean and variance of the observations ax1, ax2, ax3axn are and a2 σ2, respectively (a ≠ 0).

The given n observations are x1, x2xn.

Mean =

Variance = σ2

If each observation is multiplied by a and the new observations are yi, then

Therefore, mean of the observations, ax1, ax2axn, is .

Substituting the values of xiand in (1), we obtain

Thus, the variance of the observations, ax1, ax2axn, is a2 σ2.

Comments

The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 2, respectively. On rechecking, it was found that an observation 8 was incorrect. Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation in each of the following cases:

(i) If wrong item is omitted.

(ii) If it is replaced by 12.

(i) Number of observations (n) = 20

Incorrect mean = 10

Incorrect standard deviation = 2

That is, incorrect sum of observations = 200

Correct sum of observations = 200 – 8 = 192

∴ Correct mean 

(ii) When 8 is replaced by 12,

Incorrect sum of observations = 200

∴ Correct sum of observations = 200 – 8 + 12 = 204

 

Comments

The mean and standard deviation of marks obtained by 50 students of a class in three subjects, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are given below:

Subject

Mathematics

Physics

Chemistry

Mean

42

32

40.9

Standard deviation

12

15

20

Which of the three subjects shows the highest variability in marks and which shows the lowest?

Standard deviation of Mathematics = 12

Standard deviation of Physics = 15

Standard deviation of Chemistry = 20

The coefficient of variation (C.V.) is given by .

The subject with greater C.V. is more variable than others.

Therefore, the highest variability in marks is in Chemistry and the lowest variability in marks is in Mathematics.

Comments

The mean and standard deviation of a group of 100 observations were found to be 20 and 3, respectively. Later on it was found that three observations were incorrect, which were recorded as 21, 21 and 18. Find the mean and standard deviation if the incorrect observations are omitted.

Number of observations (n) = 100

Incorrect mean

Incorrect standard deviation

∴ Incorrect sum of observations = 2000

⇒ Correct sum of observations = 2000 – 21 – 21 – 18 = 2000 – 60 = 1940

Comments

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