NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry, Chapter 7 - Equilibrium

In this chapter, you’ll learn about equilibrium in detail. In chemistry, ‘Equilibrium’ means a state where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction. Thus, in a chemical reaction, equilibrium is achieved when the concentrations of reactants and products remain the same with time. In this chapter, you’ll study what equilibrium is all about, equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant; homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium, applications of equilibrium constants, various factors affecting equilibria, ionic equilibrium in solution, acids, bases and salts, ionization of acids and bases, buffer solutions, solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts and more.

Thus, an in-depth study of Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Solutions Chapter 7 will give you a good understanding of equilibrium.

Let’s take a look at topics and sub-topics of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 – Equilibrium

7.1 Equilibrium in Physical Processes

7.1.1 Solid-Liquid Equilibrium

7.1.2 Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium

7.1.3 Solid – Vapour Equilibrium

7.1.4 Equilibrium Involving Dissolution of Solid or Gases in Liquids

7.1.5 General Characteristics of Equilibria Involving Physical Processes

7.2 Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium

7.3 Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant

7.4 Homogeneous Equilibria

7.4.1 Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems

7.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria

7.6 Applications of Equilibrium Constants

7.6.1 Predicting the Extent of a Reaction

7.6.2 Predicting the Direction of the Reaction

7.6.3 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

7.7 Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G

7.8 Factors Affecting Equilibria

7.8.1 Effect of Concentration Change

7.8.2 Effect of Pressure Change

7.8.3 Effect of Inert Gas Addition

7.8.4 Effect of Temperature Change

7.8.5 Effect of a Catalyst

7.9 Ionic Equilibrium in Solution

7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts

7.10.1 Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases

7.10.2 The Brönsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

7.10.3 Lewis Acids and Bases

7.11 Ionization of Acids and Bases

7.11.1 The Ionization Constant of Water and its Ionic Product

7.11.2 The pH Scale

7.11.3 Ionization Constants of Weak Acids

7.11.4 Ionization of Weak Bases

7.11.5 Relation between Ka and Kb

7.11.6 Di- and Polybasic Acids and Di- and Polyacidic Bases

7.11.7 Factors Affecting Acid Strength

7.11.8 Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases

7.11.9 Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their Solutions

7.12 Buffer Solutions

7.12.1 Designing Buffer Solution

7.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts

7.13.1 Solubility Product Constant

7.13.2 Common Ion Effect on Solubility of Ionic Salts

In Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7, you will learn –

Section 7.1 – This section deals with the characteristics of system at equilibrium for some physical processes such as solid-liquid equilibrium, liquid-vapour equilibrium, solid – vapour equilibrium and equilibrium involving the dissolution of solids or gases in liquids. You’ll also come across some salient features of physical equilibria and of equilibria that involves physical processes.

Section 7.2 – In this section, you’ll learn about the equilibrium in chemical processes such as the dynamic equilibrium using Haber’s process. You’ll also study the initial stage as well as the final stage obtained after the equilibrium.

Section 7.3 – In this section, you’ll learn about the Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant. You’ll acquire knowledge about initial and equilibrium concentrations of H2, I2 and HI and the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction. You’ll also study the relationship between equilibrium Constants for a General Reaction and its Multiples.

Section 7.4 – As you proceed further in the chapter, section 7.4 will teach you what  Homogeneous Equilibria and Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems is. You’ll also learn new terms like Equilibrium Constants and Kp for a few selected reactions.

Section 7.5 – In this section, you’ll learn about heterogeneous equilibria that involve pure solids or liquids. You’ll also observe how to simplify equilibrium expressions for the heterogeneous equilibria involving a pure liquid or a pure solid.

Section 7.6 – This section deals with some important features of equilibrium constants. You’ll also study some generalisations related to the composition of equilibrium mixtures. You’ll come across some applications of equilibrium constants such as Predicting the Extent of a Reaction, Predicting the Direction of Reaction and Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations.

Section 7.7 – In this section, you’ll examine the relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G with some solved examples.

Section 7.8 – In this section, you’ll learn what is Le Chatelier’s principle and what does it predict. You’ll also study the factors influencing the equilibrium, effect of concentration, the effect of pressure change, effects of inert gas addition, the effect of temperature change and the effect of a catalyst.

Section 7.9 – As you move to section 7.9,  you’ll study the Ionic Equilibrium in Solution and learn related terms such as electrolytes, weak electrolytes, strong electrolytes, non- electrolytes.

Section 7.10 – In this section, you’ll learn what are acids, bases and salts and their common day to day examples. You’ also observe, what happens when sodium chloride is dissolved in water, what is dissociation, ionization, Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases, the definition of acids and bases as given by the Danish chemist, Johannes Brönsted, the English chemist, Thomas M. Lowry and G.N. Lewis.

Section 7.11 –This section deals with ionization of Acids and Bases such as the Ionization Constant of Water and its Ionic Product, The pH Scale, Ionization Constants of Weak Acids, Ionization of Weak Bases, Relation between Ka and Kb, Di- and Polybasic Acids and Di- and Polyacidic Bases, Factors Affecting Acid Strength, Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases, Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their Solutions.

Section 7.12- You’ll learn what buffer solutions, designing Buffer solution, preparation of acidic buffer and Henderson–Hasselbalch equation is, in this section.

Section 7.13 – In this section, you’ll learn about the equilibrium between the sparingly soluble ionic salt and its saturated aqueous solution and how to represent it in the form of an equation. You’ll also study the Solubility Product Constants, Ksp of Some Common Ionic Salts at 298K. and common Ion Effect on Solubility of Ionic Salts.

In this chapter, you are provided with several examples with their solutions for clear understanding of Equilibrium. To know more about NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7, you should explore the exercises mentioned in this chapter. You can also download the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 PDF, solved by our science experts.