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There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing − (at)ion or ment. There may be change in the spelling of some verb − noun pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.
1. Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text.
Noun |
Verb |
rebellion |
rebel |
constitution |
constitute |
Noun |
Verb |
Rebellion |
Rebel |
Constitution |
Constitute |
Formation |
Form |
Government |
Govern |
Obligation |
Oblige |
Transformation |
Transform |
Discrimination |
Discriminate |
Deprivation |
Deprive |
Demonstration |
Demonstrate |
Oppression |
Oppress |
Imagination |
Imagine |
2. Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs in brackets.
Martin Luther King’s __________ (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the __________ (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean __________ (subjugate) and __________ (humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, __________ (imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Lither King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent __________ (resist) to racial injustice.
Martin Luther King’s contribution (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation (subjugate) and humiliation (humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment (imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance (resist) to racial injustice.
Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’)
1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh Khans to his parties.
2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times.
3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.
1. This means that Mr Singh regularly invites famous personalities such as Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan to his parties.
2. This means that Madhuri Dixit is compared to a landmark in acting in the form of legendary actress Madhubala.
3. This means that history is not only the story of the great fighters and leaders such as Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler, but also of ordinary people.
Match, the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for the sentence in the text which the phrase in column A occurs.)
A |
B |
||
1. |
I was not unmindful of the fact. |
(i) |
had not forgotten: was aware of the fact |
(ii) |
was not careful about the fact |
||
(iii) |
forgot or was not aware of the fact |
||
2. |
When my comrades and I were pushed to our limits |
(i) |
pushed by the guards to the wall |
(ii) |
took more than our share of beatings |
||
(iii) |
felt that we could not endure the suffering any longer |
||
3. |
To reassure me and keep me going |
(i) |
make me go on walking |
(ii) |
help me continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation |
||
(iii) |
make me remain without complaining |
||
4. |
The basic and honourable freedoms of … earning my keep… |
(i) |
earning enough money to live on |
(ii) |
keeping what I earned |
||
(iii) |
getting a good salary |
A |
B |
||
1. |
I was not unmindful of the fact |
(i) |
had not forgotten; was aware of the fact |
2. |
When my comrades and I were pushed to our limits |
(iii) |
felt that we could not endure the suffering any longer |
3. |
To reassure me and keep me going |
(ii) |
help me continue to live in hope in this very difficult situation |
4. |
The basic and honourable freedoms of … earning my keep… |
(i) |
earning enough money to live on |
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