Objectives: To make students aware of the internal architecture of microprocessors and give basic knowledge about the assembly level language programming. Expected Outcomes: After studying this subject students will be able to understand the architecture of microprocessors and the various controllers used with it to enhance the performance of the computer system. Students will be able to write assembly-level programs for hardware interfacing.

SECTION-A Introduction to Microprocessors: Historical Background of Microprocessors, Applications of Microprocessors, Introduction to 8085, Architecture of 8085, Pin Diagram of 8085. SECTION-B Instruction Cycle, Timing Diagrams of Memory Read/Write Operations & timing diagrams of various Instructions, Addressing Modes, Instruction Set, Data Transfer Instructions, Arithmetic Instructions, Logical Instructions, Branch Instructions, Control Instructions, RISC & CISC Processors. SECTION-C Introduction to Microcontrollers: Architecture of Microcontroller, Microcontroller Resources, Resources in Advanced and Next Generation Microcontroller, 8051 Microcontroller, Internal and External Memories, ROM Based Controller, Counters and Timers, Synchronous Serial and Asynchronous Serial Communication, Interrupts. SECTION-D Peripheral Devices and Controllers: Introduction and Architecture of DMA Controller 8257, Architecture of Programmable Interrupt Controller 8259, Clock Generator, Architecture of 8284.