Electron Dot Structure of Compound Formed between Metal 'X' and Non-metal 'Y':

• Metal 'X' loses two electrons, represented as X2+.
• Non-metal 'Y' gains one electron, represented as Y-.
• The compound formed between them is ionic, as it involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal.
• It has a high melting point due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• It will conduct electricity in the molten state or in aqueous solution, as the ions are free to move and carry electric charge.
• It may or may not be soluble in water, depending on the specific properties of the compound formed.

Identification and Properties of Metals Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu:

• (a) Zn will not displace H2 from dil. HCl.
• (b) Fe will react only with steam to give H2(g).
• (c) Cu will give H2 with 5% HNO3.
• Chemical reactions:
  • Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
  • Fe(s) + 3H2O(g) → FeO(s) + 3H2(g)
  • Cu(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)

Identification and Reaction of Compound X with Aluminium:

• (a) Compound X used to join railway tracks is thermite, which is a mixture of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminium powder.
• (b) The reaction is a thermite reaction.
• (c) Reaction:
  • Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(s) + heat

Cinnabar and Extraction of Metal:

• Cinnabar is mercury sulfide (HgS), a naturally occurring ore of mercury.
• Metal is extracted from cinnabar through the process of roasting, followed by reduction with carbon or hydrogen.
• During roasting, cinnabar is heated in the presence of oxygen to form mercury oxide (HgO), which is then reduced to elemental mercury (Hg) using carbon or hydrogen as reducing agents.
• Overall reaction:
  • 2HgS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2HgO(s) + 2SO2(g)
  • 2HgO(s) + C(s) → 2Hg(l) + CO2(g)

Identification of Metal A and Amphoteric Oxide B:

• Metal A used in the thermite process is iron (Fe).
• Oxide B is iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), which is amphoteric in nature.
• Reactions of oxide B with HCl and NaOH:
  • With HCl: Fe2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2FeCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
  • With NaOH: Fe2O3(s) + 6NaOH(aq) → 2Na3Fe(OH)6