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Post a LessonAnswered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves
Nazia Khanum
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'd be glad to assist you with this physics problem.
Given that a circular disc of mass 10 kg is suspended by a wire attached to its center, and the wire is twisted by rotating the disc and released, resulting in torsional oscillations with a period of 1.5 seconds. The radius of the disc is 15 cm.
To determine the torsional spring constant (α) of the wire, we can use the equation provided:
J=−αθJ=−αθ
Where:
The restoring couple JJ can be related to the torque acting on the disc, which is given by:
J=I⋅αJ=I⋅α
Where:
The moment of inertia of a circular disc about its center is given by:
I=12mr2I=21mr2
Where:
Given that m=10m=10 kg and r=15r=15 cm, we can calculate the moment of inertia II.
I=12×10×(0.15)2I=21×10×(0.15)2 I=0.1125 kg m2I=0.1125 kg m2
Now, substituting II into the equation for the restoring couple:
J=0.1125×αJ=0.1125×α
Since the period of torsional oscillations (TT) is related to the angular frequency (ωω) by T=2πωT=ω2π, we can find ωω:
T=2πωT=ω2π ω=2πTω=T2π ω=2π1.5ω=1.52π ω≈4.19 rad/sω≈4.19 rad/s
Now, the relation between angular frequency (ωω) and torsional spring constant (αα) is:
ω=αIω=Iα
Substituting the known values:
4.19=α0.11254.19=0.1125α
Solving for αα:
α=(4.19)2×0.1125α=(4.19)2×0.1125 α≈1.86 Nm/radα≈1.86 Nm/rad
So, the torsional spring constant of the wire is approximately 1.86 Nm/rad1.86 Nm/rad.
Feel free to ask if you have any questions or need further clarification! And remember, UrbanPro is a great platform for finding excellent tutors for your academic needs.
Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves
Nazia Khanum
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I can help you tackle this problem step by step. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a fundamental concept in physics, and understanding it thoroughly can pave the way for mastering more complex topics.
Firstly, let's establish the key formulas for simple harmonic motion:
Displacement (x): x=A⋅sin(ωt+ϕ)x=A⋅sin(ωt+ϕ)
Velocity (v): v=A⋅ω⋅cos(ωt+ϕ)v=A⋅ω⋅cos(ωt+ϕ)
Acceleration (a): a=−A⋅ω2⋅sin(ωt+ϕ)a=−A⋅ω2⋅sin(ωt+ϕ)
Given that the amplitude AA is 5 cm and the period TT is 0.2 s, we can calculate the angular frequency (ωω) as 2π/T2π/T.
For x=5x=5 cm:
For x=3x=3 cm:
For x=0x=0 cm:
After finding the times for each displacement, we substitute them into the velocity and acceleration formulas to get the respective values.
UrbanPro provides a conducive environment for mastering such topics through personalized guidance and ample practice. Let's proceed step by step and delve into the intricacies of simple harmonic motion!
Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves
Nazia Khanum
As a seasoned tutor on UrbanPro, I'd be delighted to guide you through this physics problem.
When a mass attached to a spring is free to oscillate without friction or damping, we can model its motion using simple harmonic motion (SHM) principles. Let's break down the problem step by step.
At time t=0t=0, the mass is pulled to a distance x0x0 from its equilibrium position and given an initial velocity v0v0 towards the center.
In SHM, the equation governing the motion of the mass is: x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ)x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ)
Where:
Since the mass is initially displaced from equilibrium and given an initial velocity, we'll need to determine the amplitude AA in terms of ωω, x0x0, and v0v0.
The general equation for the velocity of an object undergoing SHM is: v(t)=−Aωsin(ωt+ϕ)v(t)=−Aωsin(ωt+ϕ)
At t=0t=0, the velocity of the mass is v0v0 towards the center, so: v(0)=−Aωsin(ϕ)=v0v(0)=−Aωsin(ϕ)=v0
At t=0t=0, the displacement of the mass is x0x0 from equilibrium, so: x(0)=Acos(ϕ)=x0x(0)=Acos(ϕ)=x0
We now have two equations: Acos(ϕ)=x0Acos(ϕ)=x0 −Aωsin(ϕ)=v0−Aωsin(ϕ)=v0
We can solve these equations simultaneously to find AA and ϕϕ: tan(ϕ)=−v0ωx0tan(ϕ)=−ωx0v0
Once we find ϕϕ, we can substitute it back into one of the equations to find AA: A=x0cos(ϕ)=x01+(v0ωx0)2A=cos(ϕ)x0=1+(ωx0v0)2
x0
Thus, we've determined the amplitude AA in terms of the parameters ωω, x0x0, and v0v0.
In conclusion, using the principles of SHM and the given initial conditions, we've found the amplitude of the resulting oscillations in terms of ωω, x0x0, and v0v0. If you need further clarification or assistance, feel free to ask!
Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves
Nazia Khanum
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm delighted to help you with this question. UrbanPro indeed offers top-notch online coaching tuition services for students seeking academic assistance.
Let's delve into the physics problem at hand. We have an air chamber with a volume VV and a neck area of cross-section into which a ball of mass mm just fits and can move up and down without any friction. When the ball is pressed down a little and released, it executes Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). We need to derive an expression for the time period of oscillations, assuming pressure-volume variations of air to be isothermal.
To begin, let's analyze the forces acting on the ball. When the ball is pushed down, it experiences an upward force due to the buoyant force and a downward force due to gravity. At equilibrium, these forces balance out, and the ball remains stationary. When the ball is displaced slightly downwards and released, it experiences an upward force due to the compressed air in the chamber, leading it to oscillate.
The restoring force acting on the ball is due to the pressure difference between the compressed air below the ball and the less compressed air above it. According to Boyle's Law for isothermal processes, PV=constantPV=constant, where PP is pressure and VV is volume. Thus, when the ball is displaced downwards by a distance xx, the volume of air below it decreases, causing an increase in pressure, which provides the restoring force.
Using Hooke's Law, which states that the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement, we can write:
F=−kxF=−kx
Where kk is the spring constant.
The pressure difference ΔPΔP across the ball can be expressed as:
ΔP=P0−P1ΔP=P0−P1
Where P0P0 is the pressure when the ball is at its equilibrium position, and P1P1 is the pressure when the ball is displaced by xx.
We can express P0P0 and P1P1 using Boyle's Law:
P0=kVandP1=kV−xP0=VkandP1=V−xk
Thus, the pressure difference ΔPΔP is:
ΔP=kV−kV−xΔP=Vk−V−xk
The force exerted by this pressure difference on the ball is:
F=AΔPF=AΔP
Where AA is the cross-sectional area of the neck.
So, we have:
F=A(kV−kV−x)F=A(Vk−V−xk)
F=kA(1V−1V−x)F=kA(V1−V−x1)
Now, equating this to −kx−kx (according to Hooke's Law), we get:
kA(1V−1V−x)=−kxkA(V1−V−x1)=−kx
A(1V−1V−x)=−xA(V1−V−x1)=−x
AV−AxV(V−x)=−xVA−V(V−x)Ax=−x
AV−Ax=−x(V−x)AV−Ax=−x(V−x)
AV−Ax=−xV+x2AV−Ax=−xV+x2
AV=−xV+Ax+x2AV=−xV+Ax+x2
x2−Ax+AV=0x2−Ax+AV=0
This is a quadratic equation in xx. Solving this equation will give us the value of xx, which is the amplitude of the oscillation. Then, we can use the formula for the time period of SHM:
T=2πmkT=2πkm
Where mm is the mass of the ball and kk is the spring constant.
I hope this helps! If you have any further questions or need clarification, feel free to ask.
Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves
Nazia Khanum
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'd be glad to explain this concept to you. Let's delve into the physics behind this scenario.
When a U-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other end to the atmosphere, a small pressure difference is maintained between the two columns. This pressure difference causes the mercury levels in the two arms of the U-tube to be different, with one side being higher than the other.
Now, when the suction pump is removed, the pressure inside the U-tube equalizes with the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the mercury in the higher arm of the U-tube begins to fall while the mercury in the lower arm rises until both levels stabilize at the same height.
However, due to the inertia of the mercury, it doesn't stop immediately but overshoots the equilibrium position, creating a restoring force that brings it back towards the equilibrium position. This process repeats, causing the column of mercury to oscillate back and forth around the equilibrium position.
This oscillatory motion of the column of mercury in the U-tube is essentially simple harmonic motion (SHM). SHM occurs when a restoring force is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and acts in the opposite direction to the displacement.
In the case of the U-tube, the restoring force is provided by gravity pulling the mercury back towards the equilibrium position. The displacement from the equilibrium position is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the two arms of the U-tube. Thus, the motion of the column of mercury in the U-tube can be described as simple harmonic motion.
Understanding this phenomenon not only helps in grasping the concept of SHM but also provides insights into fluid dynamics and pressure systems. If you have any further questions or need clarification on any point, feel free to ask!
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