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Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves relates to CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics

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Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves Questions

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Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Nazia Khanum

Certainly! As a seasoned tutor on UrbanPro, I'd approach this problem step by step, ensuring a thorough understanding for my students. Firstly, let's address the sagging of the suspension. When the entire automobile is placed on the suspension, it sags 15 cm. This sag can be attributed to the force exerted... read more

Certainly! As a seasoned tutor on UrbanPro, I'd approach this problem step by step, ensuring a thorough understanding for my students.

Firstly, let's address the sagging of the suspension. When the entire automobile is placed on the suspension, it sags 15 cm. This sag can be attributed to the force exerted by the weight of the automobile, which is countered by the restoring force of the spring.

The force exerted by the weight of the automobile can be calculated using the formula:

Fweight=m×gFweight=m×g

Where:

  • mm = mass of the automobile = 3000 kg
  • gg = acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²

Fweight=3000 kg×10 m/s2Fweight=3000kg×10m/s2 Fweight=30000 NFweight=30000N

Now, to find the spring constant kk, we'll use Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position:

Fspring=k×xFspring=k×x

Where:

  • FspringFspring = force exerted by the spring
  • kk = spring constant
  • xx = displacement from equilibrium position

Given that the suspension sags 15 cm (or 0.15 m) under the weight of the automobile, we can set up the equation:

30000 N=k×0.15 m30000N=k×0.15m

From this, we can solve for kk:

k=30000 N0.15 mk=0.15m30000N k=200000 N/mk=200000N/m

So, the spring constant kk is 200000 N/m200000N/m.

Moving on to the damping constant bb, we're told that the amplitude of oscillation decreases by 50% during one complete oscillation. This indicates damping in the system.

The formula for damped oscillations involves the damping constant, and given that the amplitude decreases by 50% each oscillation, we can use this information to find bb.

The formula for the amplitude of damped oscillations is given by:

A=A0×e−b2mtA=A0×e2mbt

Where:

  • AA = amplitude at time tt
  • A0A0 = initial amplitude
  • bb = damping constant
  • mm = mass of the system
  • tt = time

Since the amplitude decreases by 50%, A=0.5A0A=0.5A0 after one complete oscillation. Substituting this into the formula:

0.5A0=A0×e−b2mT0.5A0=A0×e2mbT

Where TT is the period of one complete oscillation.

0.5=e−b2mT0.5=e2mbT

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:

ln⁡(0.5)=−bT2mln(0.5)=−2mbT

We're given that the amplitude decreases by 50% during one complete oscillation. In simple harmonic motion, the period (TT) is related to the spring constant (kk) and the mass (mm) of the system:

T=2πmkT=2πkm

Given that each wheel supports 750 kg and using the spring constant k=200000 N/mk=200000N/m, we can calculate the period TT. Then, we can solve for the damping constant bb.

 
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Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Nazia Khanum

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm here to shed light on a fundamental principle in classical mechanics. Let me demonstrate why, in the case of a particle undergoing linear Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the average kinetic energy over a period of oscillation equals the average potential... read more

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm here to shed light on a fundamental principle in classical mechanics. Let me demonstrate why, in the case of a particle undergoing linear Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the average kinetic energy over a period of oscillation equals the average potential energy over the same period.

Firstly, let's delve into the nature of SHM. In linear SHM, a particle oscillates back and forth along a straight line, with its acceleration proportional and opposite to its displacement from a fixed equilibrium point. This leads to a sinusoidal motion characterized by a restoring force.

Now, to prove the equality of average kinetic and potential energies over a period, we must understand the expressions for kinetic and potential energies in SHM.

The kinetic energy (KE) of a particle is given by KE=12mv2KE=21mv2, where mm is the mass of the particle and vv is its velocity.

In SHM, velocity varies sinusoidally with displacement, reaching maximum at the equilibrium point and minimum at the extremities. Thus, the average kinetic energy over a period can be represented by 12mvmax221mvmax2, where vmaxvmax is the maximum velocity.

On the other hand, the potential energy (PE) of a particle undergoing SHM is given by PE=12kx2PE=21kx2, where kk is the spring constant and xx is the displacement from equilibrium.

In SHM, potential energy also varies sinusoidally, reaching maximum at the extremities and minimum at the equilibrium point. Hence, the average potential energy over a period can be represented by 12kxmax221kxmax2, where xmaxxmax is the maximum displacement.

Now, in SHM, the maximum displacement (xmaxxmax) and maximum velocity (vmaxvmax) occur at the same points in the motion, namely at the extremities. This is due to the relationship between displacement, velocity, and acceleration in SHM.

Since kinetic and potential energies both reach their maxima at the extremities, the average kinetic energy over a period equals the average potential energy over the same period.

Thus, in the realm of linear SHM, the balance between kinetic and potential energies is not only a theoretical construct but a practical reality, demonstrating the elegant harmony in the dynamics of oscillatory motion. If you're keen on further exploring such concepts or need assistance with related problems, don't hesitate to reach out. Remember, UrbanPro is your gateway to the best online coaching and tuition experiences!

 
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Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Nazia Khanum

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'd be glad to assist you with this physics problem. Given that a circular disc of mass 10 kg is suspended by a wire attached to its center, and the wire is twisted by rotating the disc and released, resulting in torsional oscillations with a period of... read more

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'd be glad to assist you with this physics problem.

Given that a circular disc of mass 10 kg is suspended by a wire attached to its center, and the wire is twisted by rotating the disc and released, resulting in torsional oscillations with a period of 1.5 seconds. The radius of the disc is 15 cm.

To determine the torsional spring constant (α) of the wire, we can use the equation provided:

J=−αθJ=−αθ

Where:

  • JJ is the restoring couple,
  • θθ is the angle of twist.

The restoring couple JJ can be related to the torque acting on the disc, which is given by:

J=I⋅αJ=Iα

Where:

  • II is the moment of inertia of the disc about its center.

The moment of inertia of a circular disc about its center is given by:

I=12mr2I=21mr2

Where:

  • mm is the mass of the disc,
  • rr is the radius of the disc.

Given that m=10m=10 kg and r=15r=15 cm, we can calculate the moment of inertia II.

I=12×10×(0.15)2I=21×10×(0.15)2 I=0.1125 kg m2I=0.1125 kg m2

Now, substituting II into the equation for the restoring couple:

J=0.1125×αJ=0.1125×α

Since the period of torsional oscillations (TT) is related to the angular frequency (ωω) by T=2πωT=ω2π, we can find ωω:

T=2πωT=ω2π ω=2πTω=T2π ω=2π1.5ω=1.52π ω≈4.19 rad/sω≈4.19 rad/s

Now, the relation between angular frequency (ωω) and torsional spring constant (αα) is:

ω=αIω=Iα

Substituting the known values:

4.19=α0.11254.19=0.1125α

Solving for αα:

α=(4.19)2×0.1125α=(4.19)2×0.1125 α≈1.86 Nm/radα≈1.86 Nm/rad

So, the torsional spring constant of the wire is approximately 1.86 Nm/rad1.86 Nm/rad.

Feel free to ask if you have any questions or need further clarification! And remember, UrbanPro is a great platform for finding excellent tutors for your academic needs.

 
 
 
 
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Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Nazia Khanum

As a seasoned tutor registered on UrbanPro, I can confidently guide you through this physics problem. Let's break it down step by step. Firstly, UrbanPro is indeed an excellent platform for online coaching and tuition, offering a wide range of subjects and experienced tutors to cater to your academic... read more

As a seasoned tutor registered on UrbanPro, I can confidently guide you through this physics problem. Let's break it down step by step.

Firstly, UrbanPro is indeed an excellent platform for online coaching and tuition, offering a wide range of subjects and experienced tutors to cater to your academic needs.

Now, onto the physics problem:

We have a simple pendulum of length ll and mass MM suspended in a car moving on a circular track of radius RR with a uniform speed vv.

When the pendulum makes small oscillations in a radial direction about its equilibrium position, it experiences two forces:

  1. Tension force in the string, acting towards the equilibrium position.
  2. Inertial force due to the circular motion of the car, acting away from the equilibrium position.

The resultant of these two forces provides the centripetal force required to keep the pendulum moving in a circular path.

Now, the time period TT of a simple pendulum is given by the formula:

T=2πlgT=2πgl

Where gg is the acceleration due to gravity.

However, in this scenario, we need to adjust for the additional inertial force due to the car's circular motion. This force affects the effective value of gravity experienced by the pendulum.

The effective gravity geffgeff experienced by the pendulum in the radial direction can be calculated as:

geff=g+v2Rgeff=g+Rv2

Where gg is the regular gravitational acceleration and v2RRv2 represents the centripetal acceleration due to the car's motion.

Now, substituting geffgeff into the formula for TT, we get:

T=2πlgeffT=2πgeffl

T=2πlg+v2RT=2πg+Rv2l

So, this modified formula will give us the time period of the pendulum oscillating in a radial direction in the moving car.

Remember, understanding the concept is crucial in solving physics problems. If you have any further questions or need clarification on any step, feel free to ask!

 
 
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Answered on 14 Apr Learn CBSE/Class 11/Science/Physics/Unit 10-Oscillation & Waves

Nazia Khanum

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm delighted to help you with this physics problem. UrbanPro is indeed one of the best platforms for online coaching and tuition, providing students with quality education and tutors with excellent opportunities to share their expertise. Let's tackle this... read more

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm delighted to help you with this physics problem. UrbanPro is indeed one of the best platforms for online coaching and tuition, providing students with quality education and tutors with excellent opportunities to share their expertise.

Let's tackle this problem step by step. The formula to calculate the time period of a simple pendulum is:

T=2πLgT=2πgL

Where:

  • TT = time period of the pendulum
  • LL = length of the pendulum
  • gg = acceleration due to gravity

Given that the time period (TT) on the surface of Earth is 3.5 s and the acceleration due to gravity (gg) on Earth is 9.8 m/s29.8m/s2, and we want to find the time period on the surface of the moon where g=1.7 m/s2g=1.7m/s2.

Let's denote the time period on the moon as TmTm. We have:

Tm=2πLgmTm=2πgmL

Where:

  • gmgm = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon (1.7 m/s²)

We know that the length of the pendulum (LL) remains constant, so we can equate the two time period equations:

T=TmT=Tm

2πLg=2πLgm2πgL

=2πgmL

Now, let's solve for TmTm:

Lg=LgmgL

=gmL

Lg=LgmgL=gmL

1g=1gmg1=gm1

gm=gT2gm=T2g

Substituting the given values:

gm=9.8 m/s2(3.5 s)2gm=(3.5s)29.8m/s2

gm=9.812.25 m/s2gm=12.259.8m/s2

gm≈0.8 m/s2gm≈0.8m/s2

So, the time period of the simple pendulum on the surface of the moon would be approximately:

Tm=2πL0.8Tm=2π0.8L

Tm≈2πL0.8Tm≈2π0.8L

Tm≈2π×12.5Tm≈2π×12.5

Tm≈2π×3.54Tm≈2π×3.54

Tm≈7.08 sTm≈7.08s

Therefore, the time period of the simple pendulum on the surface of the moon would be approximately 7.08 seconds. If you need further clarification or assistance, feel free to ask!

 
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