Hindustani music is a traditional system of music from the Indian subcontinent, particularly from the northern regions of India, Pakistan, and Nepal. It is one of the two main subgenres of Indian classical music, the other being Carnatic music. Characteristics of Hindustani Music 1. _Raga-based_: Hindustani music is based on the concept of raga, which refers to a specific melodic mode or pattern. 2. _Tala-based_: Hindustani music also uses tala, which refers to rhythmic cycles or beats. 3. _Improvisation_: Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation, with musicians creating complex and intricate melodies on the spot. 4. _Emphasis on ornamentation_: Hindustani music is known for its intricate ornamentation, including techniques such as meend (glissando), gamak (oscillation), and kan (microtonal variations). Instruments Used in Hindustani Music 1. _Sitar_: A stringed instrument with a distinctive resonator. 2. _Sarod_: A stringed instrument with a rich, resonant sound. 3. _Tabla_: A pair of hand drums used for percussion. 4. _Tanpura_: A long-necked stringed instrument used for drone accompaniment. Vocal Styles in Hindustani Music 1. _Khayal_: A style of singing that emphasizes complex melodies and ornamentation. 2. _Thumri_: A style of singing that emphasizes emotional expression and storytelling. 3. _Dhrupad_: A style of singing that emphasizes complex rhythms and melodies. Famous Hindustani Musicians 1. _Tansen_: A legendary musician and composer from the 16th century. 2. _Bade Ghulam Ali Khan_: A renowned vocalist from the 20th century. 3. _Ravi Shankar_: A legendary sitar player and composer from the 20th century. 4. _Ali Akbar Khan_: A renowned sarod player and composer from the 20th century. Hindustani music is a rich and complex tradition that has evolved over centuries, with a unique blend of melody, rhythm, and emotion. read less