In the context of the poem, the word "cardboard" denotes something artificial, insubstantial, or lacking in depth. It is used metaphorically to describe the speaker's perception of the world as shallow, superficial, and lacking in genuine emotion or authenticity.

The word "cardboard" has been used to convey the idea of a facade or a superficial layer that conceals the true nature of reality. It suggests that the world around the speaker appears to be constructed, artificial, and devoid of real substance or meaning. By using "cardboard" in this context, the poet may be highlighting themes of disillusionment, alienation, or existential angst, as the speaker grapples with the emptiness and hollowness they perceive in their surroundings.

Overall, the word "cardboard" serves as a powerful metaphor to evoke a sense of disillusionment and existential questioning in the poem, prompting readers to reflect on the authenticity and depth of their own experiences and perceptions.

The camera has captured a frozen moment in time, preserving a visual representation of a scene or subject. It has captured the light and shadows, the colors and textures, and perhaps even the emotions and atmosphere present at the moment the photograph was taken. Through the lens of the camera, the photographer has immortalized a specific moment or aspect of reality, allowing viewers to experience it vicariously and reflect on its significance.

What has not changed over the years could refer to certain enduring aspects of human nature, fundamental principles, or timeless truths that remain consistent despite the passage of time. This might include qualities such as love, compassion, resilience, the pursuit of knowledge, or the search for meaning and purpose in life.

This observation suggests that while the external world and circumstances may change, there are certain core aspects of the human experience that remain constant across generations. It implies a sense of continuity and connection with the past, highlighting the universality of human values, emotions, and aspirations. It also underscores the importance of recognizing and honoring these enduring qualities as we navigate the complexities of the modern world.

Additionally, it may prompt us to reflect on the significance of these timeless truths in shaping our understanding of ourselves and our place in the world. It suggests that amidst the rapid pace of change and technological advancement, there is value in returning to these foundational principles as sources of wisdom, guidance, and stability.

The mother's laugh at the snapshot indicated her amusement or joy in reminiscing about the past captured in the photograph.

The line "Both wry with the laboured ease of loss" suggests that both the speaker and the mother are affected by the weight of their shared experience of loss, but they carry it with a sense of resignation or acceptance.