Mahesh Sharma

There are several good books available for learning data structures using Java, depending on your level of expertise and experience. Some of the best books to learn data structures using Java are:

1. "Data Structures and Algorithms in Java" by Robert Lafore - This book is a comprehensive guide to data structures and algorithms with Java implementation. The book provides a step-by-step approach to building data structures and includes exercises to reinforce the conceptual understanding.

2. "Algorithms" by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne - This book is an excellent introduction to algorithms and data structures, including Java-based implementations. The book also offers an online course with video lectures and a range of programming assignments.

3. "Java Data Structures and Algorithms" by Debasish Ray Chawdhuri - This book covers fundamental data structures and algorithms in Java with practical examples. The book also includes several exercises to help readers apply what they learned.

4. "Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java" by Mark A. Weiss - This book offers a comprehensive approach to data structures and algorithms with a strong emphasis on problem-solving. The book includes numerous examples and exercises to reinforce the concepts.

Overall, any of the above mentioned books would be a great place to start learning data structures using Java.

Modern COBOL code looks similar to traditional COBOL code but with some added features and improvements. Here are some examples: 1. Free-form syntax: Modern COBOL allows for a more free-form syntax, which means that columns 7-72 are no longer restricted to specific fields. This makes the code more readable and easier to maintain. 2. Object-oriented programming: COBOL now supports object-oriented programming, which allows developers to create reusable code and build more complex and scalable applications. 3. Integration with newer technologies: Modern COBOL can integrate with cloud computing, mobile devices, and web applications, enabling developers to create more modern and dynamic systems. 4. Improved error handling: COBOL has improved error handling, which makes it easier to find and fix errors or bugs in the code. 5. Database connectivity: COBOL now has improved database connectivity, which means that it can connect with more databases and access data more efficiently. Overall, modern COBOL code looks and feels similar to traditional COBOL code but with added features that make it more versatile, scalable, and easier to maintain.

Yes, COBOL is still widely used in 2021, especially in financial, government, and healthcare organizations that rely on large-scale transaction processing systems. This is because many of these organizations have legacy systems that were built on COBOL, and it's often more cost-effective to maintain and update these systems rather than replace them entirely. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increased demand for COBOL programmers to help maintain and modernize unemployment systems that were overwhelmed with claims. This highlighted the importance of COBOL in ensuring the stability and reliability of critical systems. Despite being an old language, COBOL is still being updated and modernized to integrate with newer technologies and address new challenges. So, while it may not be as popular as some of the newer languages, COBOL is still an important and relevant language in certain industries and applications.

COBOL, which stands for Common Business Oriented Language, has several advantages, including: 1. Easy to learn: COBOL has simple syntax, and its English-like commands make it easy to learn even for those without a strong programming background. 2. Portability: COBOL programs can run on any platform, including mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers. 3. Readability: The language is self-documenting, which means that the code is easy to read and understand. 4. Stability: COBOL has been around for over 50 years and is a proven, stable language that has been widely used in the financial industry. 5. Scalability: COBOL programs can handle large amounts of data and are easy to maintain, which makes them ideal for large-scale enterprise applications. 6. Compatibility: Many legacy systems still use COBOL, and the language has been updated to ensure that it can integrate with newer technologies and systems. These are just a few of the advantages of COBOL, and there are many more that make it a valuable language for businesses and organizations.

There are several tools available that can be used to convert COBOL code into Java code. One such tool is the "Java-based COBOL conversion toolkit" developed by the Open Mainframe Project. This tool is an open-source project that provides a platform for converting COBOL code to Java, among other languages. Another tool that can also be used is "Micro Focus Visual COBOL for Eclipse." This tool provides a COBOL development environment for Eclipse, which includes an integrated COBOL to Java conversion tool. Additionally, there are several vendor-specific solutions available in the market that can be used to convert COBOL code into Java code, with some examples including the "LegacyJ" tool from Red Oak Software, and the "COBOL2Java" tool from Hitachi. It's recommended to evaluate different conversion tools to choose the one that best fits your specific requirement. Additionally, it's important to note that while conversion tools can be helpful, manual testing is still required to ensure that the converted code is working as intended and does not contain any errors.