1. Quand on veut saluer quelqu'un en français (When we have to wish someone) (formal or informal).
Ans: We write/ say "Bonjour". Bonjour is used as Hi/Hello/Good Morning or to wish someone and is the best salutation in informal or formal setting.
2. Quand on veut saluer un/une ami(e) en français (When we have to wish a friend) (used in informal setting).
Ans: We write/say "Salut". Meaning: Hi
Salut is used when you wish someone whom you know well for eg. your colleague who could be like your friend. It is best used in informal setting. It should not be used in formal setting for eg. starting a business meeting.
Note: 't' in word Salut is silent and hence not pronounced.
When it's an extremely informal relation such as friends and family, we may use "Coucou" which means "Hey, there!" or simply "Hey!".
Verb phrase: Faire coucou à quelqu'un (qqn) means to wave at someone or say hey to someone.
Another informal greeting which is slightly more involved salutation:
Quoi de neuf? It means "what's new?" But it is more often used for saying "What's up?" It is an excellent greeting to use for someone you are meeting after a while.
When we talk over phone, just like we say hello to greet, in french, we use "Allô"