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Is space a perfect vacuum?

Sujoy Das
16/03/2019 0 0

The short answer is 'No'.
The vacuum of as 'you' know it, means an absence of any form of matter. As of now, a place on Earth has a thinner vacuum better than the outer space, and that place is LHC (Large Hadron Collider). So, space is not empty. FYI, there is  Hydrogen density of about five atoms per meter-cubed.
Extended answer:
To a particle physicist the definition changes to the lowest possible energy state of a region of space (not outer space) / system. And that undoubtedly is zero energy, but the story doesn't end here, things get complicated as the vacuum becomes the playground for quantum mechanics to come into play. Even at zero energy, particle and anti-particle pairs are being created and annihilated everywhere in the void. An experiment famous for this phenomenon :
It turns out that the universe is filled with fields associated with each type of particles or quanta (electron, quarks, neutrinos, etc.) of the field. The presence of Higgs Boson which was finally discovered in 2012, it provided the evidence for the existence of "Higgs field", last piece of the Standard Model (a Quantum Field Theory) of particle physics. Hence, the theory of a universe filled with fields was proved right.
Finally, the fields do not interact directly to other fields. Instead, the interaction between particles among themselves and between particles and field are mediated only by the quantum of those fields.

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