How do I swap two variables in one line in C/C++, Python and Java?

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Ashish Soni

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you can use this following example : int main() { int x = 5, y = 10; (x ^= y), (y ^= x), (x ^= y); printf("After Swapping values of x and y are %d %d", x, y); return 0; }
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How to swap in a single line without using library function? Python: In Python, there is a simple and syntactically neat construct to swap variables, we just need to write “x, y = y, x”. C/C++: Below is one generally provided classical solution // Swap using bitwise XOR (Wrong Solution in C/C++) x...
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How to swap in a single line without using library function? Python: In Python, there is a simple and syntactically neat construct to swap variables, we just need to write “x, y = y, x”. C/C++: Below is one generally provided classical solution // Swap using bitwise XOR (Wrong Solution in C/C++) x ^= y ^= x ^= y; The above solution is wrong in C/C++ as it causes undefined behaviour (compiler is free to behave in any way). The reason is, modifying a variable more than once in an expression causes undefined behaviour if there is no sequence point between the modifications. However, we can use comma to introduce sequence points. So the modified solution is // Swap using bitwise XOR (Correct Solution in C/C++) // sequence point introduced using comma. (x ^= y), (y ^= x), (x ^= y); Java: In Java, rules for subexpression evaluations are clearly defined. The left hand operand is always evaluated before right hand operand. In Java, the expression “x ^= y ^= x ^= y;” doesn’t produce the correct result according to Java rules. It makes x = 0. However, we can use “x = x ^ y ^ (y = x);” Note the expressions are evaluated from left to right. If x = 5 and y = 10 initially, the expression is equivalent to “x = 5 ^ 10 ^ (y = 5);”. Note that we can’t use this in C/C++ as in C/C++, it is not defined whether left operand or right operand is executed for any operator. Output: After Swapping values of x and y are 10 5 read less
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(x ^= y), (y ^= x), (x ^= y);
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