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DETERMINING THE GENDER - with Examples

Mohmed Rafi Parvez
18/08/2023 0 0

DETERMINING THE GENDER

To ease the matter further for you,   I am including here some rules and some hints to know and to make out the gender of the nouns in German. Please note that these rules and hints are not absolute – they are just pointers – and there are exceptions to every rule.

  1. Determining the article through the biological gender :
  • All male relations are always masculine g. der Vater , der Bruder, der Sohn, der Mann,

der Onkel, etc. Similarly, all female relations are always feminine e.g. die Mutter, die

Schwester, die Tochter, die Frau, die Tante, etc. Among the people , the only neuter nouns are das kind ( the child ) , das Baby ( the baby ) , das Fräulein ( waitress in a restaurant ) and  das Mädchen ( the girl).

  • In the same way, all male professions are masculine , such as der Arzt ,der Lehrer ,der

Schauspieler, der Direktor, der Polizist, etc. All female professions are always feminine –

die Ärztin, die Lehrerin, die Schauspielerin, die Direktorin, die Polizistin.

         

  1. Determining the article through the Suffix:

The Suffix is actually the ending of a noun. Certain endings of nouns are always of a certain gender.

However, when you learn these endings as having a particular gender, make sure that you

also learn also learn the exceptions to the rule.

  • Nouns ending in ‘-e’ are mostly feminine, such as die Schule, die Lampe, die Schokolade,

Etc. There are some exceptions to this rule, such as der Name, das Ende… More

exceptions to this rule are found in case of male nationalities, such as der Deutsche,

der Franzose, der Chinese , etc.

  • Similarly , the nouns ending in
  • ‘- ung’ ( die Übung,die Zeitung , die Endung , …)
  • ‘-schaft’ (die Gesellschaft, die Freundschaft,…)
  • ‘ität’ ( die Universität, die Modalität,…)
  • ‘- keit’ (die Wirklichkeit,die Ehrlichkeit,…)
  • ‘- heit’ (die Menschheit, die Gesundheit,…)
  • ‘- anz’ (die Allianz, die Arroganz, die Distanz,…)
  • ‘-ei’ (die Bäckerei, die Druckerei, die Konditorei,…)
  • ‘- enz’ (die Existenz, die Tendenz, die Konferenz,…)
  • ‘- ik’( die fabric,die Technik, die politik,…)
  • ‘-ion’( die Aktion,die Diskussion,die information,…)
  • ‘-ie’(die Demokratie, die Energie,die Studie,…)
  • ‘-ur’ (die Diktatur,die Natur, die Tastatur,…)are feminine.
  • Nouns ending in ‘-o’ are mostly neuter e.g.das kino,das Büro,das Auto.
  • Similarly, nouns ending in

-‘ chen’ ( das mädchen, das Hähnchen)

-‘lein’(das Fräulein, das Tischlein,…)

 

Note that the endings’-chen’ and ‘-lein’also depict the diminutive ( small) form of a noun,for instance,das Buch ( book ),das Büchein ( small book), die Blume ( flower ),das Blümchen ( small flower ).

  • ‘- ment’ (das Medikament , das Instrument , das Element,…)
  • ‘-tum’(das Eigentum, das Christentum,…) except, derIrrtum ,der Reichtum
  • ‘-um’ (das Datum,das Publikum,das Studium,…)are always neuter.
  • Nouns ending in “-er” are mostly masculine e.g. many male professions – der Lehrer , der Schauspieler, der Bäcker, etc. Exceptions are das Fenster, die Mutter,die Butter,die Leiter ( the ladder)
  • Similary,nouns ending in
  • ‘ant’ ( der Emigrant, der Lieferant , das Repräsentant,…
  • ‘-ent’ (der Agent,der Patient, der Student,…)
  • ‘-ich’ (der Teppich, der Pfirsich,…)
  • ‘-ling’ ( der Lehring,der Zwilling,…)
  • ‘-ismus’ ( der Buddhismus, der Hinduismus, der Tourismus,…)
  • ‘-ist’ ( der Artist, der Journalist, der Terrorist,der Tourist,…)
  • ‘-or’ (der projector, der Direktor,der Autor,…) are always masculine
  1. Determining the article through the meaning :
  • The following nouns are always masculine :
  • Timings of the day, names of seasons, months, weekdays

Der  Morgen, der Vormittag, der Mittag, der Nachmittag , der Abend, der Winter , der Frühling, der Sommer, der Herbst, der Januar, der Februar, der Montag der Dienstag, … ( Exceptions : die Nacht , die Mitternacht)

  • Directions

der Norden, der Süden, der Osten, der Westen,Nordwesten,der Südosten,…

  • Weather Phenomena

Der Taifun, der Hagel,der Hurrikan, der Monsun, der Nebel, der Regen, der Schnee, Der Tornado, der Wind,…( Exceptions: das Eis, die Hitze, die Kälte, die Wolke )

  • Alcoholic drinks

Der Champgner, der Cognac, der Whiskey, der Rum, der Schnaps, der Sekt, der Tequila, der Wein, der Wodka,…(Exception : das Bier)

Brand names of cars

der Nissan,der Chevrolet,der Santro,der Mercedes, der Toyota,der VW,…

 

  • The following nouns are always feminine:
  • Brand names of motorcycles

Die Harley-Davidson, die Hayabusa,die Kawasaki,die Yamaha,die Hero Honda, die BMW,….

  • Names of Ships

Die Aquanaut,die Kaiser Wilhelm, die Titanic, die Ocean Pride,…

  • Brand names of cigarettes

die Benson & Hedges , die Classic, die Dunhill,die Marlboro,die Kent,…

  • Number Name used as nouns

die Eins, die Zwei,die Drei,die Vier,die Sechzehn,die Fünfundzwanzig,die Hundert,die Tausend, die Million,die Millarde, die Billion,…

 

  • The following nouns are always neuter :
  • Names of colors used as nouns

das Blau, das Rot, das Grün, das Blattgrün, das Gelb,das Schneeweiß, das Weiß,…

  • Verbs converted in nouns ( also known as gerunds in English )

das Schreiben, das Lesen, das Trinken,das Fragen,...

The pointers given above will certainly help you and make it easier for you to make out the gender of a noun. But the best way still is to learn the nouns along

With their article as described above.

All nouns are always written in German with the initial letter capital, regardless of whether they appear at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence.

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