Extenuation: The action of lessening the seriousness of guilt or an offence. Eg: No plea could be urged in extenuation of their crime.
Forfeit: Lose or be deprived of (property or a right or privilege) as a penalty for wrongdoing. For Eg: those unable to meet their taxes were liable to forfeit their estates.
Remission: The reduction of a prison sentence, especially as a reward for good behaviour.‘ Eg: For every two days they work, the prisoners earn one day's remission of their sentence.
Penance: Punishment inflicted on oneself as an outward expression of repentance for wrongdoing. For Eg: But such a desire can be forgiven, as long as one takes the proper penances into consideration.
Wrath: Extreme anger For Eg: He hid his pipe for fear of incurring his father's wrath.
Capital Punishment: The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime. For Eg: Through this we can also see that capital punishment is not necessarily a form of punishment at all.
Malefactor: A person who commits a crime or some other wrong. For Eg: She must have been a terrible malefactor indeed if her crimes are in proportion to her penalty.