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"Is," "are," "was," and "were" are all forms of the verb "to be" in English grammar. They are known as the "be" verbs or linking verbs. These verbs are used to connect the subject of a sentence with a subject complement, which provides additional information about the subject. "Is" and "was" are singular forms, while "are" and "were" are plural forms.

Yes, there are several applications available to check English grammar. Here are a few popular ones:

Grammarly: Grammarly is one of the most widely used grammar checking tools. It integrates with web browsers, Microsoft Office, and offers a standalone web editor. It checks for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and style errors and provides suggestions for improvement.

Ginger: Ginger is another grammar checking tool that offers features similar to Grammarly. It provides grammar and spelling corrections, as well as translation services and text-to-speech functionality.

ProWritingAid: ProWritingAid is a comprehensive writing assistant that offers grammar checking, style suggestions, and readability analysis. It integrates with various writing platforms and provides detailed reports on your writing.

WhiteSmoke: WhiteSmoke is a grammar checker and writing enhancement tool that offers grammar, punctuation, and style suggestions. It also includes translation features and a plagiarism checker.

Several software programs and online platforms can help teach English grammar. Here are a few popular ones:

Grammarly: Grammarly is a writing assistant that checks for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and style errors. It provides explanations and suggestions for improvement.

Duolingo: Duolingo offers interactive language learning courses, including English grammar lessons. It covers various grammar topics through exercises and quizzes.

Rosetta Stone: Rosetta Stone provides language learning software with grammar lessons, vocabulary drills, and interactive activities.

IELTS Liz: IELTS Liz offers resources specifically tailored for English learners preparing for the IELTS exam, including grammar lessons and practice exercises.

Cambridge English: Cambridge English offers a range of resources, including grammar reference books, online courses, and practice tests for learners of English as a second language.

Some commonly misused English grammar rules include:

Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensuring that the subject and verb agree in number (singular or plural).

Misplacement of Modifiers: Placing modifiers incorrectly, leading to ambiguity or confusion.

Apostrophe Misuse: Incorrect use of apostrophes in possessive nouns or contractions.

Confusion between "its" and "it's": Mixing up the possessive pronoun "its" with the contraction "it's."

Confusion between "your" and "you're": Confusing the possessive pronoun "your" with the contraction "you're."

Misuse of Homophones: Confusing words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings, such as "there," "their," and "they're."

Double Negatives: Using two negative words in a sentence, which can create confusion or change the intended meaning.

Dangling Participles: Starting a sentence with a participle phrase that doesn't clearly modify the subject of the sentence.

Split Infinitives: Incorrectly inserting words between "to" and the infinitive verb, such as "to boldly go" instead of "to go boldly."

Using "less" instead of "fewer": Using "less" for countable nouns instead of "fewer," which is appropriate for countable items.

These are just a few examples, but there are many more nuances in English grammar that can be misused or misunderstood.

English grammar evolves rather than mutates. It changes over time due to various factors like cultural shifts, technological advancements, and language contact with other languages. While some traditional grammar rules may relax or adapt, English continues to develop new structures and expressions to meet the needs of its speakers.