UrbanPro
true

Take Class 12 Tuition from the Best Tutors

  • Affordable fees
  • 1-1 or Group class
  • Flexible Timings
  • Verified Tutors

Inert Pair Effect in Group 13

Dr. Nazma Shaik
23/02/2019 1 0

Inert Pair Effect in Group 13

In the modern periodic table, the elements of the boron family present in group 13 are:
Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl)
Their general electronic configuration of the valence shell is ns 2 np 1. They have a total of 3 electrons in their valence shell. Thus, the elements of the boron
family adopt the oxidation states of +3 (group oxidation state) and +1. The +3 oxidations state is favourable for the lighter elements of the group,
whereas, +1 oxidation state is preferable for the heavier elements of the group; for example, Tl has the stable oxidation state of +1.
The stability of the oxidation state two units less than the group oxidation state of the heavier members can be explained by the concept called the inert pair effect. To explain this let’s look into the electronic configuration of each member of the boron family:
B Al Ga In Tl

 

B
    

Al
    

Ga
    

In
    

Tl

[He]2s22p1
    

[Ne]3s23p1
    

[Ar]3d104s24p1
    

[Kr]4d105s25p1
    

[Xe]4f145d106s26p1

 

The elements present in periods 4, 5 and 6 have d-orbital (f- orbital for 6 th period) electrons along with s- and p-orbitals with electrons. The
shielding effect of different orbitals follows the order:
s > p > d > f
Due to the poor shielding effect of the intervening d and f-orbitals, the effective nuclear charge increases which tightly holds the ns electrons. As
a result, the inert pair of ns electrons are more tightly held by the nucleus, and hence, they can not participate in bonding. The remaining np
electron (only 1) involves in bonding. Thus, +1 oxidation state predominates in Tl. The reluctance of ns- electrons to take part in bonding due to
the poor shielding effect of d and f- orbitals on moving down a group is called inert pair effect.

1 Dislike
Follow 5

Please Enter a comment

Submit

Other Lessons for You


Electrostatics
Electrostatics made of two words Electrostatics= Electro + statics Electro means Electron (charge) statics means in rest position so we can say that Electrostatics is the branch of Physics in which...

Economics for Class 12th
Q1: What is Economics? A1: Economics is about making choices in the presence of scarcity. Q2: What is scarcity? A2: scarcity can be defined as a situation when demand for something exceeds its supply. Reasons...


Looking for Class 12 Tuition ?

Learn from Best Tutors on UrbanPro.

Are you a Tutor or Training Institute?

Join UrbanPro Today to find students near you
X

Looking for Class 12 Tuition Classes?

The best tutors for Class 12 Tuition Classes are on UrbanPro

  • Select the best Tutor
  • Book & Attend a Free Demo
  • Pay and start Learning

Take Class 12 Tuition with the Best Tutors

The best Tutors for Class 12 Tuition Classes are on UrbanPro

This website uses cookies

We use cookies to improve user experience. Choose what cookies you allow us to use. You can read more about our Cookie Policy in our Privacy Policy

Accept All
Decline All

UrbanPro.com is India's largest network of most trusted tutors and institutes. Over 55 lakh students rely on UrbanPro.com, to fulfill their learning requirements across 1,000+ categories. Using UrbanPro.com, parents, and students can compare multiple Tutors and Institutes and choose the one that best suits their requirements. More than 7.5 lakh verified Tutors and Institutes are helping millions of students every day and growing their tutoring business on UrbanPro.com. Whether you are looking for a tutor to learn mathematics, a German language trainer to brush up your German language skills or an institute to upgrade your IT skills, we have got the best selection of Tutors and Training Institutes for you. Read more